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ISO Chain No. |
Chain No. | Pitch P mm |
Roller diameter d1max mm |
Width between inner plates b1min mm |
Pin diameter d2max mm |
Pin length | Inner plate depth h2max |
Plate thickness t/Tmax |
Tensile strength Qmin |
Average tensile strength Q0 |
Weight per meter q |
|
Lmax | Lcmax | |||||||||||
mm | mm | mm | mm | kN/lbf | kN | kg/m | ||||||
- | 9.525 | 6 | 9.5 | 4.5 | 18.6 | 20 | 9.3 | 1.85/1.50 | 11.80/2653 | 13.6 | 0.61 | |
420 | 420 | 12.7 | 7.77 | 6.25 | 3.96 | 14.7 | 16.1 | 12 | 1.5 | 16.00/3597 | 17.6 | 0.55 |
- | 420F3 | 12.7 | 7.77 | 6.4 | 3.97 | 15 | 16.6 | 11.8 | 1.60/1.45 | 16.00/3597 | 17.6 | 0.64 |
- | 420HF1 | 12.7 | 7.77 | 6.25 | 3.96 | 17 | 18.4 | 12 | 2.03 | 16.00/3597 | 17.6 | 0.76 |
- | 420HT | 12.7 | 7.77 | 6.25 | 3.96 | 17 | - | 12 | 2.03 | 21.40/4811 | 23.5 | 0.76 |
428 | 428 | 12.7 | 8.51 | 7.75 | 4.45 | 16.7 | 18.2 | 11.8 | 1.6 | 17.80/4002 | 19.6 | 0.7 |
- | 428F1 | 12.7 | 8.51 | 7.94 | 4.5 | 16.7 | 18.05 | 11.8 | 1.6 | 17.15/3855 | 19.4 | 0.71 |
- | 428DS | 12.7 | 8.51 | 7.94 | 4.45 | 17.9 | 19.3 | 12 | 1.85 | 18.62/4186 | 21 | 0.76 |
428MH | 428H | 12.7 | 8.51 | 7.85 | 4.45 | 18.8 | 19.9 | 11.8 | 2.03 | 20.60/4631 | 23.4 | 0.79 |
- | 428HF1 | 12.7 | 8.51 | 7.85 | 4.45 | 17.9 | 19 | 11.8 | 1.8 | 19.50/4384 | 20.7 | 0.74 |
- | 428HSH | 12.7 | 8.51 | 7.75 | 4.45 | 20 | - | 12 | 2.42 | 27.00/6070 | 29.4 | 0.89 |
- | 428HF4 | 12.7 | 8.51 | 7.94 | 4.5 | 18.9 | 20.1 | 11.8 | 2.03 | 20.50/4609 | 23.4 | 0.82 |
- | 428HD | 12.7 | 8.51 | 7.85 | 4.45 | 18.8 | 19.9 | 11.8 | 2.03 | 20.60/4631 | 23.4 | 0.85 |
- | 428F3 | 12.7 | 8.51 | 7.85 | 4.45 | 16.7 | 18.2 | 11.7 | 1.6 | 17.80/4002 | 19.6 | 0.77 |
- | 428F4 | 12.7 | 8.51 | 7.85 | 4.45 | 16.7 | 18.2 | 11.8 | 1.6 | 17.80/4002 | 19.6 | 0.72 |
520 | 520 | 15.875 | 10.16 | 6.25 | 5.08 | 17.5 | 19 | 15.09 | 2.03 | 26.50/5957 | 29.7 | 0.89 |
- | 520F2 | 15.875 | 10.16 | 6.35 | 5.24 | 17.5 | 19.05 | 15.09 | 2.03 | 26.50/5957 | 29.7 | 0.97 |
- | 520F3 | 15.875 | 10.16 | 6.48 | 5.08 | 17.5 | 19 | 15.09 | 2.03 | 26.50/5957 | 29.7 | 0.89 |
520MH | 520MH | 15.875 | 10.22 | 6.25 | 5.25 | 19 | 21.2 | 15.3 | 2.2 | 30.50/6857 | 33.6 | - |
- | 520HD | 15.875 | 10.16 | 6.35 | 5.34 | 18.6 | 20 | 15.09 | 2.2 | 35.00/7868 | 38.5 | 1.04 |
525 | 525 | 15.875 | 10.16 | 7.95 | 5.08 | 19.3 | 20.7 | 15.09 | 2.03 | 26.50/5957 | 29.7 | 1.06 |
525MH | 525MH | 15.875 | 10.22 | 7.85 | 5.25 | 21.2 | 23.2 | 15.3 | 2.2 | 30.50/6857 | 33.6 | - |
- | 525HF1 | 15.875 | 10.16 | 7.95 | 5.08 | 20.9 | 22.3 | 15.09 | 2.42 | 26.50/5957 | 29.7 | 1.2 |
530 | 530 | 15.875 | 10.16 | 9.4 | 5.08 | 20.7 | 22.2 | 15.09 | 2.03 | 26.50/5957 | 29.7 | 1.06 |
- | 530SH | 15.875 | 10.16 | 9.4 | 5.08 | 22.1 | - | 15.09 | 2.42 | 32.80/7374 | 33.5 | 1.24 |
- | 520F12 | 15.875 | 10.16 | 6.25 | 5.25 | 17.6 | - | 15 | 2.03 | 29.43/6615 | 32.3 | 0.98 |
- | 520HF7 | 15.875 | 10.22 | 7.8 | 5.3 | 21.35 | - | 15.3 | 2.8/2.42 | 40.00/8992 | 44 | 1.43 |
630 | 630 | 19.05 | 11.91 | 9.4 | 5.94 | 23 | 24.8 | 18 | 2.42 | 35.30/7936 | 38.8 | - |
Chain No. |
Pitch P mm |
Roller diameter d1 max mm |
Width between inner plates b1 min mm |
Pin diameter d2 max mm |
Pin length | Inner plate depth h2 max mm |
Plate thickness T max mm |
Tensile strength Q min kN/lbf |
Average tensile strength Q0 kN |
Weight per meter q kg/m |
|
Lmax mm |
Lcmax mm |
||||||||||
420 OR | 12.700 | 7.77 | 6.25 | 3.96 | 16.65 | 17.95 | 12.00 | 1.50 | 16.0/3599 | 17.00 | 0.62 |
420H OR | 12.700 | 7.77 | 6.25 | 3.96 | 18.80 | 20.10 | 12.00 | 2.03 | 16.0/3599 | 17.00 | 0.74 |
428HVS | 12.700 | 8.51 | 7.94 | 4.45 | 21.70 | 22.70 | 12.30 | 2.03 | 22.0/4946 | 23.00 | 0.85 |
50LD | 15.875 | 10.16 | 9.53 | 5.08 | 23.40 | 24.60 | 15.09 | 2.03 | 22.2/5045 | 26.50 | 1.12 |
520 OR | 15.875 | 10.16 | 6.70 | 5.30 | 21.20 | 22.30 | 15.09 | 2.20 | 32.0/7200 | 34.00 | 1.11 |
520F1 OR | 15.875 | 10.16 | 6.25 | 5.30 | 21.20 | 22.30 | 15.09 | 2.20 | 32.0/7200 | 34.00 | 1.09 |
520F2 OR | 15.875 | 10.16 | 9.65 | 5.30 | 24.10 | 25.50 | 15.09 | 2.20 | 32.0/7200 | 34.00 | 1.21 |
520V6 | 15.875 | 10.16 | 6.25 | 5.08 | 19.80 | 21.30 | 15.09 | 2.03 | 22.2/5045 | 26.50 | 0.96 |
520H OR | 15.875 | 10.16 | 6.25 | 5.24 | 21.52 | 22.92 | 15.09 | 2.42 | 26.5/6022 | 29.60 | 1.26 |
525 OR | 15.875 | 10.16 | 7.95 | 5.30 | 21.50 | 22.90 | 15.09 | 2.03 | 26.5/6022 | 29.60 | 1.30 |
525F1 OR | 15.875 | 10.16 | 7.95 | 5.30 | 23.10 | 24.00 | 15.09 | 2.20 | 32.0/7200 | 34.00 | 1.16 |
520F14 OR | 15.875 | 10.20 | 6.25 | 5.09 | 19.90 | - | 14.90 | 1.80 | 28.4/6391 | 30.60 | 0.92 |
525H OR | 15.875 | 10.16 | 7.95 | 5.30 | 23.10 | 24.50 | 15.09 | 2.42 | 26.5/6022 | 29.60 | 1.44 |
530H OR | 15.875 | 10.16 | 9.53 | 5.24 | 24.80 | 26.20 | 15.09 | 2.42 | 29.0/6524 | 30.00 | 1.39 |
630F1 OR | 19.050 | 11.91 | 9.53 | 5.94 | 25.50 | 27.30 | 18.00 | 2.42 | 31.8/7149 | 35.00 | 1.50 |
ISO Chain No. |
Chain No. |
Pitch P mm |
Bush diameter d1 max mm |
Width between inner plates b1 min mm |
Pin diameter d2 max mm |
Pin length L max mm |
Inner plate depth h2 max mm |
Plate thickness t/T max mm |
Tensile strength Q min kN/lbf |
Average tensile strength Q0 kN |
Weight per meter q kg/m |
- | 25 | 6.350 | 3.30 | 3.18 | 2.31 | 7.90 | 6.00 | 0.80 | 3.5/795 | 4.6 | 0.15 |
25H | 25H | 6.350 | 3.30 | 3.18 | 2.31 | 8.90 | 6.00 | 1.04 | 4.8/1091 | 5.5 | 0.17 |
- | 25H(E) | 6.350 | 3.30 | 3.18 | 2.31 | 8.90 | 6.00 | 1.04 | 5.8/1304 | 6.4 | 0.18 |
- | 25HF2 | 6.350 | 3.30 | 3.18 | 2.31 | 9.10 | 5.80 | 1.2/1.10 | 5.8/1304 | 6.4 | 0.19 |
- | 25SHF1 | 6.350 | 3.30 | 3.18 | 2.01 | 8.95 | 5.90 | 1.04 | 4.8/1091 | 5.5 | 0.19 |
219H | 219H | 7.774 | 4.59 | 5.00 | 3.01 | 11.90 | 7.40 | 1.2/1.04 | 7.3/1641 | 8.0 | 0.28 |
- | *C219H | 7.774 | 4.59 | 5.00 | 3.01 | 11.90 | 7.40 | 1.2/1.04 | 7.3/1641 | 8.0 | 0.33 |
- | 219HT | 7.774 | 4.59 | 4.60 | 3.01 | 12.15 | 7.55 | 1.4/1.3 | 6.6/1483 | 7.2 | 0.33 |
- | 219HF2 | 7.774 | 4.59 | 4.50 | 3.01 | 11.90 | 7.40 | 1.4/1.3 | 6.6/1483 | 7.2 | 0.31 |
- | 219HF1 | 7.785 | 4.60 | 4.50 | 3.28 | 13.00 | 7.00 | 2.0/1.40 | 9.0/2024 | 9.8 | 0.37 |
270H | 270H | 8.500 | 5.00 | 4.75 | 3.28 | 13.15 | 8.45 | 1.8/1.40 | 10.8/2428 | 11.9 | 0.43 |
The lightweight chain of a bicycle with derailleur gears can snap (or rather, come apart at the side-plates, since it is normal for the "riveting" to fail first) because the pins inside are not cylindrical, they are barrel-shaped. Contact between the pin and the bushing is not the regular line, but a point which allows the chain's pins to work its way through the bushing, and finally the roller, ultimately causing the chain to snap. This form of construction is necessary because the gear-changing action of this form of transmission requires the chain to both bend sideways and to twist, but this can occur with the flexibility of such a narrow chain and relatively large free lengths on a bicycle.
Chain failure is much less of a problem on hub-geared systems (e.g. Bendix 2-speed, Sturmey-Archer AW) since the parallel pins have a much bigger wearing surface in contact with the bush. The hub-gear system also allows complete enclosure, a great aid to lubrication and protection from grit.
The most common measure of roller chain's strength is tensile strength. Tensile strength represents how much load a chain can withstand under a one-time load before breaking. Just as important as tensile strength is a chain's fatigue strength. The critical factors in a chain's fatigue strength is the quality of steel used to manufacture the chain, the heat treatment of the chain components, the quality of the pitch hole fabrication of the linkplates, and the type of shot plus the intensity of shot peen coverage on the linkplates. Other factors can include the thickness of the linkplates and the design (contour) of the linkplates. The rule of thumb for roller chain operating on a continuous drive is for the chain load to not exceed a mere 1/6 or 1/9 of the chain's tensile strength, depending on the type of master links used (press-fit vs. slip-fit)[citation needed]. Roller chains operating on a continuous drive beyond these thresholds can and typically do fail prematurely via linkplate fatigue failure.
The standard minimum ultimate strength of the ANSI 29.1 steel chain is 12,500 x (pitch, in inches)2. X-ring and O-Ring chains greatly decrease wear by means of internal lubricants, increasing chain life. The internal lubrication is inserted by means of a vacuum when riveting the chain together.
Standards organizations (such as ANSI and ISO) maintain standards for design, dimensions, and interchangeability of transmission chains. For example, the following Table shows data from ANSI standard B29.1-2011 (Precision Power Transmission Roller Chains, Attachments, and Sprockets) developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). See the references[8][9][10] for additional information.
ASME/ANSI B29.1-2011 Roller Chain Standard SizesSizePitchMaximum Roller DiameterMinimum Ultimate Tensile StrengthMeasuring Load25ASME/ANSI B29.1-2011 Roller Chain Standard Sizes | ||||
Size | Pitch | Maximum Roller Diameter | Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength | Measuring Load |
---|---|---|---|---|
25 | 0.250 in (6.35 mm) | 0.130 in (3.30 mm) | 780 lb (350 kg) | 18 lb (8.2 kg) |
35 | 0.375 in (9.53 mm) | 0.200 in (5.08 mm) | 1,760 lb (800 kg) | 18 lb (8.2 kg) |
41 | 0.500 in (12.70 mm) | 0.306 in (7.77 mm) | 1,500 lb (680 kg) | 18 lb (8.2 kg) |
40 | 0.500 in (12.70 mm) | 0.312 in (7.92 mm) | 3,125 lb (1,417 kg) | 31 lb (14 kg) |
50 | 0.625 in (15.88 mm) | 0.400 in (10.16 mm) | 4,880 lb (2,210 kg) | 49 lb (22 kg) |
60 | 0.750 in (19.05 mm) | 0.469 in (11.91 mm) | 7,030 lb (3,190 kg) | 70 lb (32 kg) |
80 | 1.000 in (25.40 mm) | 0.625 in (15.88 mm) | 12,500 lb (5,700 kg) | 125 lb (57 kg) |
100 | 1.250 in (31.75 mm) | 0.750 in (19.05 mm) | 19,531 lb (8,859 kg) | 195 lb (88 kg) |
120 | 1.500 in (38.10 mm) | 0.875 in (22.23 mm) | 28,125 lb (12,757 kg) | 281 lb (127 kg) |
140 | 1.750 in (44.45 mm) | 1.000 in (25.40 mm) | 38,280 lb (17,360 kg) | 383 lb (174 kg) |
160 | 2.000 in (50.80 mm) | 1.125 in (28.58 mm) | 50,000 lb (23,000 kg) | 500 lb (230 kg) |
180 | 2.250 in (57.15 mm) | 1.460 in (37.08 mm) | 63,280 lb (28,700 kg) | 633 lb (287 kg) |
200 | 2.500 in (63.50 mm) | 1.562 in (39.67 mm) | 78,175 lb (35,460 kg) | 781 lb (354 kg) |
240 | 3.000 in (76.20 mm) | 1.875 in (47.63 mm) | 112,500 lb (51,000 kg) | 1,000 lb (450 kg |
For mnemonic purposes, below is another presentation of key dimensions from the same standard, expressed in fractions of an inch (which was part of the thinking behind the choice of preferred numbers in the ANSI standard):
Pitch (inches) | Pitch expressed in eighths |
ANSI standard chain number |
Width (inches) |
---|---|---|---|
1⁄4 | 2⁄8 | 25 | 1⁄8 |
3⁄8 | 3⁄8 | 35 | 3⁄16 |
1⁄2 | 4⁄8 | 41 | 1⁄4 |
1⁄2 | 4⁄8 | 40 | 5⁄16 |
5⁄8 | 5⁄8 | 50 | 3⁄8 |
3⁄4 | 6⁄8 | 60 | 1⁄2 |
1 | 8⁄8 | 80 | 5⁄8 |